![]() Tmesis, the use of a lexical word rather than an affix, is sometimes considered a type of infixation. Examples: itíc 'did s/he plant it?' and iti tóoc 'did they sow it?'. In Seri, some verbs form the plural stem with infixation of ⟨tóo⟩ after the first vowel of the root compare the singular stem ic 'plant (verb)' with the plural stem itóoc. The word 'gigi' means "tooth", while 'g erigi' means "serration"'.The word 'cerlang' means "luminous", while 'c emerlang' means "brilliant"'.The word 'gembung' (variant of 'kembung') means "bloated", while 'g elembung' means "bubble"'.All infixes are no longer productive and cannot be used to derive new words. In Malay and Indonesian, there are three infixes ( sisipan), ⟨el⟩, ⟨em⟩, and ⟨er⟩. These elements are no longer productive, and occur crystallized in words inherited from Old Khmer. They include the nominalizing infix ⟨b⟩, which derives l bɨən 'speed' from lɨən 'fast' and l bɑɑng ' trial' from lɔɔng 'to test, to haunt', or the agentive ⟨m⟩ deriving c mam 'watchman' from cam 'to watch'. Khmer, an Austroasiatic language, has seven different infixes. Tagalog has borrowed the English word graduate as a verb to say "I graduated" a speaker uses the derived form gr umaduate. The most common infix is ⟨in⟩ used to make an intentional verb, as in ' giniba', meaning ‘ruined’ (from ‘ giba’, an adjective meaning ‘worn-out’) ' binato’, meaning ‘stoned’ (from ‘ bato’, ‘stone’) and ' ginamit’, meaning ‘used’. For example, in Tagalog, a grammatical form similar to the active voice is formed by adding the infix ⟨um⟩ near the beginning of a verb. Infixes are common in Austronesian and Austroasiatic languages. (The words ijtihad and jihad are nouns derived from these two verbs.)Īustronesian and Austroasiatic languages An example is اجتهد ijtahada "he worked hard", from جهد jahada "he strove". It is placed after the first consonant of the root an epenthetic i- prefix is also added, since words cannot begin with a consonant cluster. Arabic Īrabic uses a common infix, ⟨t⟩ ت for Form VIII verbs, usually a reflexive of Form I. standard Oscarito) Edgar → Edguítar Victor → Victítor. ![]() ![]() In Nicaraguan, Costa Rican, and Honduran Spanish, the Spanish diminutive affix becomes an infix ⟨it⟩ in names: Óscar → Osquítar (cf. Ancient Greek la mbánō (also with -an- suffix) "I take" (cf.perfect passive participle victus "conquered") Sanskrit exhibits the greatest transparency of this feature amongst the Indo-European languages, with the phenomenon manifesting in three of the ten traditional verb classes, where the infix is higher-grade and accent-bearing in the strong forms, and reduced-grade in the weak forms.This phenomenon is inherited, and preserved to varying degrees, by some early daughter languages such as Sanskrit, Ancient Greek, Latin language, etc. The stems of the other tenses have the root without the infix, and thus these verbs are called nasal-presents. The present tense of some Proto-Indo-European verbs, in the case of a certain number of roots, adds a nasal infix ( m, n) to the basic root. The use of ' expletive infixes' such as -fucking- and -bloody-, which are words rather than affixes, is known as tmesis.Infixes also occur in some language games.(education) This exists as a slang phenomenon. The ⟨-ma-⟩ infix (or "Homeric infix," after Homer Simpson), gives a word an ironic pseudo-sophistication, as in sophisti -ma-cated (sophisticated), saxo -ma-phone, (saxophone) and edu -ma-cation.The infix ⟨-iz-⟩ or ⟨-izn-⟩ is characteristic of hip-hop slang, for example h -iz-ouse for house and sh -izn-it for shit.None of the following are recognized in standard English. Most are heard in colloquial speech although there are other examples, such as in technical terminology, these examples are often more accurately described as tmesis. English Įnglish has almost no true infixes and those it does have are marginal. For a list of words relating to infixes, see the Infixes by language category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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